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Patella
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The Patella The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The vastus intermedialis muscle is attached to the base of patella. The vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are attached to lateral and medial borders of patella respectively. |
Several kinds of supporting and moving parts, including bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, help the knees do their job.
Each of these structures is subject to disease and injury. When a knee problem affects your ability to do things, it can have a big impact on your life. Knee problems can interfere with many things, from participation in sports to simply getting up from a chair and walking. Search for Patella
Knee Injuries (misspelled KNEE INJURYS)
Because of its complex structure and weight-bearing capacity, the knee is the most commonly injured joint. Each year, more than 5.5 million people visit orthopaedic surgeons for knee problems. Knee injuries can result from a blow to or twist of the knee or from running to hard, too much, or without proper warmup.
Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty walking.
More severe knee injuries include bone bruises or damage to the cartilage or ligaments. There are two types of cartilage in the knee. One is the meniscus, a crescent-shaped disc that absorbs shock between the thigh (femur) and lower leg bones (tibia and fibula). The other is a surface-coating (or articular) cartilage. It covers the ends of the bones where they meet, allowing them to glide against one another. The four major ligaments that support the knee are the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
The cartilage under your kneecap (patella) is a natural shock absorber. But it doesn't come with a lifetime guarantee. Overuse, injury or other factors may lead to a condition known as chondromalacia patella — a general term indicating damage to the cartilage under your kneecap. A more accurate term for chondromalacia patella is patellofemoral pain.
Causes
In adolescents and young adults, patellofemoral pain often is caused by muscle weakness, overuse or injury. Sometimes an unusual alignment of the kneecap is responsible. For older adults, patellofemoral pain may be related to arthritis of the knee joint — which causes cartilage to lose its normal shock-absorbing ability. Weak thigh and hip muscles or flat feet also may contribute to the pain. Even something as simple as worn-out or ill-fitting shoes can contribute to patellofemoral pain.
Simple treatments — such as rest and ice — often help, but sometimes you may need physical therapy or even surgery to ease patellofemoral pain.
Sources: Public information from government websites and other text in the public domain.
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